Great question and the confusion is understandable, they’re closely related but not identical.
Fragment 176-191 refers specifically to amino acids 176-191 of the hGH sequence. AOD-9604 is a modified version of that same fragment with an added tyrosine residue at the N-terminus, which was designed to improve stability and activity.
So: Fragment 176-191 is the naturally-occurring sequence; AOD-9604 is a synthetic modification of it. In practice many people use the names interchangeably which adds to the confusion.
On the clinical history: AOD-9604 did advance through clinical trials (including Phase 2b for obesity) and received FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status as a food ingredient. It didn’t complete Phase 3 for the obesity indication, but the GRAS designation is notable and distinguishes it from many research peptides.